原文

Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in Latin America: a systematic review

The number of children and adolescents who are overweight or obese worldwide is alarming. We did a systematic review to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 0—19 years in Latin America. We searched specialised databases and seven books for relevant studies that were done in Spanish-speaking and Portuguese-speaking Latin American and Caribbean countries and published in peer-reviewed journals between January 2008, and April 2013. Indicators used were BMI (kg/m2) in all age groups and weight-for-height in children younger than 5 years. We identified 692 publications and included 42. Estimated prevalence of overweight in children younger than 5 years in Latin America was 7·1% with the weight-for-height WHO 2006 classification method. National combined prevalences of overweight and obesity with the WHO 2007 classification method ranged from 18·9% to 36·9% in school-age children (5—11 years) and from 16·6% to 35·8% in adolescents (12—19 years). We estimated that 3·8 million children younger than 5 years, 22·2—25·9 million school-age children, and 16·5—21·1 million adolescents were overweight or obese. Overall, between 42·5 and 51·8 million children aged 0—19 years were affected—ie, about 20—25% of the population. Although undernutrition and obesity coexist in the region, policies in most countries favour prevention of undernutrition, and only a few countries have implemented national policies to prevent obesity. In view of the number of children who are overweight or obese, the associated detrimental effects on health, and the cost to health-care systems, implementation of programmes to monitor and prevent unhealthy weight gain in children and adolescents are urgently needed throughout Latin America.

译文

拉丁美洲儿童和青少年超重和肥胖系统综述 

全球超重或肥胖儿童和青少年的数量令人震惊。我们通过系统综述对拉丁美洲0-19岁儿童超重和肥胖的患病率进行评估。查阅专门数据库和七本刊发图书，以期查找2008年1月至2013年4月期间在西班牙语语系和葡萄牙语语系的拉丁美洲国家和加勒比海域国家中进行的相关研究。这些研究发表在同行评审期刊。BMI（kg/m2）用作所有年龄组评价指标，身高别体重用作5岁以下儿童的评价指标。共对692种出版物进行筛选，共选出42种。根据WHO 2006年身高别体重的分类方法，拉丁美洲5岁以下儿童超重的患病率为7.1%。根据2007年的分类方法，全国学龄儿童（5-11岁）超重和肥胖复合患病率范围为18.9%-36.9%，青少年（12-19岁）为16.6%-35.8%。 我们预计，380万5岁以下儿童、2220万-2590万学龄儿童和1650万-2110万青少年存在超重或肥胖。综上，共累及4250-5180万0-19岁儿童，约占总人口的20-25%。虽然营养不良和肥胖在一定区域内同时存在，但是大部分国家的政策倾向于预防营养不良，只有少数国家通过国家政策预防肥胖。鉴于超重或肥胖儿童的数量、伴随对健康的危害，以及卫生保健系统的花费，整个拉丁美洲急需通过执行规划来监测和预防儿童和青少年不健康的体重增长。